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Biomarkers

Every biomarker code a checkup's bundle can carry.

Every biomarker code a checkup's bundle can carry today, grouped by what it is about. A checkup carries the ones it measured, each as an Observation.

Code: the Observation's code in YOU(th)'s biomarker code system. Codes are open: new ones can appear at any time; keep one you do not know rather than refusing the checkup.
Value: a number in its unit, as a valueQuantity, or a category, as a valueCodeableConcept. A category is a classification, never a diagnosis.
UCUM: the unit's UCUM code, sent beside the unit's text. "none" means the unit has no UCUM form and is sent as text only; a category has no unit.
Checkups: the checkup types that can measure it.

Find a biomarker

131 biomarkers

Activity

Code	Measures	Value	UCUM	Checkups
`daily_steps`	Daily steps: Steps in a day	steps	`{steps}`	wearable
`workout_days_7d`	Workout days (7 days): Days with a recorded workout in the past 7 days	days	`d`	wearable

Advanced glycation

Code	Measures	Value	UCUM	Checkups
`advanced_glycation_endproducts`	Advanced glycation endproducts (AGE): Compounds formed when sugars bind to proteins or lipids; they build up with high blood sugar and with age	AU	`[arb'U]`	lab

Aging

Code	Measures	Value	UCUM	Checkups
`daily_bio_age_acceleration`	Daily bio age acceleration: Daily difference between biological age and chronological age	years	`a`	digital
`resilience`	Resilience: Recovery time from stressful events	weeks	`wk`	digital

Blood

Code	Measures	Value	UCUM	Checkups
`basophil_count`	Basophil count: Absolute number of basophils involved in allergic responses	10⁹/L	`10*9/L`	lab
`basophils_differential_count`	Basophils %: Percent of white cells that are basophils	%	`%`	lab
`eosinophil_count`	Eosinophil count: Absolute number of eosinophils tied to allergy and parasite defense	10⁹/L	`10*9/L`	lab
`eosinophil_differential_count`	Eosinophils %: Percent of white cells that are eosinophils	%	`%`	lab
`hematocrit`	Hematocrit (HCT): Percentage of the blood made up of red blood cells	%	`%`	lab
`hemoglobin`	Hemoglobin: Distributes oxygen to muscles and tissues	g/dL	`g/dL`	digital, lab
`low_hemoglobin_risk`	Low hemoglobin risk: An index for patterns associated with low hemoglobin	category: low, high	—	digital
`lymphocyte_count`	Lymphocyte count: Absolute number of lymphocytes that support adaptive immunity	10⁹/L	`10*9/L`	lab
`lymphocytes_differential_count`	Lymphocytes %: Percent of white cells that are lymphocytes	%	`%`	lab
`monocyte_count`	Monocyte count: Absolute number of monocytes that mature into tissue macrophages	10⁹/L	`10*9/L`	lab
`monocytes_differential_count`	Monocytes %: Percent of white cells that are monocytes	%	`%`	lab
`neutrophil_count`	Neutrophil count: Absolute number of neutrophils that fight bacterial infections	10⁹/L	`10*9/L`	lab
`neutrophil_differential_count`	Neutrophils %: Percent of white cells that are neutrophils	%	`%`	lab
`platelet_count`	Platelet count: Number of platelets, which help the blood clot	10⁹/L	`10*9/L`	lab
`red_cell_count`	Red cell count: Number of red blood cells in circulation	10¹²/L	`10*12/L`	lab
`white_cell_count`	White cell count: Total number of white blood cells, which support the immune system	10⁹/L	`10*9/L`	lab

Body composition

Code	Measures	Value	UCUM	Checkups
`appendicular_lean_mass_percentage`	Appendicular lean mass (ALM): Estimated percentage of lean mass in the arms and legs	%	`%`	digital
`body_composition_body_fat_percentage`	Body fat percentage: Estimated percentage of body weight that is fat	%	`%`	wearable
`body_composition_body_mass_index`	BMI: Weight relative to height	kg/m²	`kg/m2`	wearable
`body_composition_total_body_water_percentage`	Total body water: Share of body weight that is water	%	`%`	wearable
`metabolic_age_years`	Metabolic age: How young or old the metabolism is, compared with chronological age	years	`a`	digital
`skeletal_muscle_mass_percentage`	Skeletal muscle mass (SMM): Estimated percentage of body weight made up of skeletal muscle	%	`%`	digital
`vat_percentage`	Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) %: Estimated percentage of visceral fat around the internal organs	%	`%`	digital

Body composition (bioimpedance)

Code	Measures	Value	UCUM	Checkups
`appendicular_skeletal_muscle_mass`	Appendicular skeletal muscle mass: Muscle mass in limbs (arms + legs), sarcopenia screening indicator	kg	`kg`	lab
`basal_metabolic_rate`	Basal metabolic rate (BMR): Calories burned at rest	kcal/day	`kcal/d`	lab
`body_fat_percentage`	Body fat percentage: Fat mass relative to total body weight	%	`%`	lab
`body_mass_index`	Body mass index (BMI): Weight-to-height ratio, a basic proxy for adiposity	kg/m²	`kg/m2`	lab
`lean_body_mass`	Lean body mass %: Non-fat tissue as share of total body weight	%	`%`	lab
`total_body_water`	Total body water (%): Hydration status relative to total body mass	%	`%`	lab
`visceral_fat_index`	Visceral fat index: Fat surrounding internal organs, key metabolic risk marker	UI (units)	none	lab

Body skin

Code	Measures	Value	UCUM	Checkups
`abnormal_skin_index`	Abnormal skin index: An index from a skin photo for visible skin anomalies that may need attention	category: low, high	—	digital
`acne_index`	Acne index: An index from a skin photo for patterns associated with acne-prone or inflamed skin	category: low, high	—	digital
`benign_nevus_index`	Benign nevus index: An index from a skin photo for patterns associated with benign moles	category: low, high	—	digital
`dermatitis_index`	Dermatitis index: An index from a skin photo for patterns associated with skin irritation or inflammation, such as from contact allergens or irritants	category: low, high	—	digital
`eczema_index`	Eczema index: An index from a skin photo for patterns associated with eczema, such as inflammation, dryness or irritation	category: low, high	—	digital
`fungal_infection_index`	Fungal infections index: An index from a skin photo for patterns associated with fungal skin infections, such as ringworm or candidiasis	category: low, high	—	digital
`herpesvirus_index`	Herpesvirus index: An index from a skin photo for patterns associated with skin signs of herpes viruses, such as HSV or shingles	category: low, high	—	digital
`no_pathologies_index`	No pathologies index: An index from a skin photo for whether no skin condition is visible	category: low, high	—	digital
`papulosquamous_index`	Papulosquamous index: An index from a skin photo for patterns associated with scaly skin conditions, such as psoriasis or lichen planus	category: low, high	—	digital
`pre_abnormal_skin_index`	Pre-abnormal skin index: An index from a skin photo for early skin irregularities that may develop further	category: low, high	—	digital
`viral_index`	Viral index: An index from a skin photo for patterns associated with viral skin conditions, such as warts or molluscum contagiosum	category: low, high	—	digital

Cardiovascular

Code	Measures	Value	UCUM	Checkups
`apolipoprotein_a`	Apo A: Major protein component of HDL particles	g/L	`g/L`	lab
`apolipoprotein_b`	Apo B: Primary protein on atherogenic particles like LDL and VLDL	g/L	`g/L`	lab
`ascvd_risk`	ASCVD risk: Estimated atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk	%	`%`	digital
`blood_pressure`	Blood pressure: Systolic and diastolic, as two components	mmHg, two components: systolic (LOINC `8480-6`) and diastolic (LOINC `8462-4`); LOINC `85354-9`	`mm[Hg]`	digital, wearable
`hdl_cholesterol`	HDL cholesterol: High-density lipoprotein that helps clear cholesterol from the bloodstream	mmol/L	`mmol/L`	lab
`heart_age`	Heart age: Estimated age of the cardiovascular system	years	`a`	digital
`heart_rate`	Resting heart rate: Heart beats per minute while awake, calm, sitting or lying down, and still	bpm	`/min`	digital, wearable
`heart_rate_recovery_1m`	1-minute heart rate recovery: How far the heart rate falls in the first minute after exercise	bpm	`/min`	wearable
`high_total_cholesterol_risk`	High total cholesterol index: Proxy for the body's cholesterol balance	category: low, medium, high	—	digital
`hrv_lf_hf`	LF/HF: Ratio of low- to high-frequency heart rate variability	ms	none	digital
`hrv_rmssd`	RMSSD: Beat-to-beat variation in heart rate	ms	`ms`	digital, wearable, lab
`hrv_rri`	Mean RRi: Average time between heartbeats	ms	`ms`	digital
`hrv_sd1`	SD1: Short-term heart rate variability	ms	`ms`	digital
`hrv_sd2`	SD2: Long-term heart rate variability	ms	`ms`	digital
`hrv_sdnn`	HRV SDNN: Variation in time between heart beats	ms	`ms`	digital, wearable, lab
`hypertension_risk`	Hypertension index: An index for patterns associated with hypertension	category: low, medium, high	—	digital
`ldl_cholesterol`	LDL cholesterol: Low-density lipoprotein that delivers cholesterol to tissues	mmol/L	`mmol/L`	lab
`stress_level`	Heart stress index: The body's reaction to a challenge or demand	category: low, normal, mild, high, very_high, extreme	—	digital
`total_cholesterol`	Total cholesterol: Sum of cholesterol carried by LDL, HDL, and other lipoproteins	mmol/L	`mmol/L`	lab
`triglycerides`	Triglycerides: Blood fats used for energy; high levels can raise cardiovascular risk	mmol/L	`mmol/L`	lab
`wellness_index`	Cardiorespiratory wellness: An indication of cardiovascular wellness over the next 5 to 10 years	number, no unit	none	digital
`wellness_level`	Wellness level: Cardiorespiratory wellness as a level	category: low, medium, high	—	digital

Energy and stress

Code	Measures	Value	UCUM	Checkups
`baevsky_stress_index`	Baevsky stress index: Body's reaction to a challenge or demand	number, no unit	none	digital
`cortisol`	Cortisol: Stress hormone that helps regulate energy, blood pressure, and inflammation	nmol/L	`nmol/L`	lab
`normalized_stress_index`	Normalized stress index: Stress index on a 0–100% scale	%	`%`	digital, wearable
`pns_index`	PNS index: The body's recovery ability, in zones	number, no unit	none	digital
`recovery_ability`	Recovery ability: Ability to recover and regulate bodily functions after stressful events	category: low, medium, high	—	digital
`sns_index`	SNS index: The body's stress response, in zones	number, no unit	none	digital
`stress_response`	Stress response: Physiological reaction to an imminent stressful event	category: low, medium, high	—	digital

Face skin

Code	Measures	Value	UCUM	Checkups
`face_skin_acne_index`	Acne index: Presence and severity of visible acne spots	%	`%`	digital
`face_skin_eye_age`	Eye age: Visual age of the skin around both eyes	years	`a`	digital
`face_skin_eye_area_condition`	Eye area condition: Visual health of the skin area under both eyes	%	`%`	digital
`face_skin_hydration`	Skin hydration: Visible signs of dehydrated skin on the face	%	`%`	digital
`face_skin_perceived_age`	Perceived age: Visual age of the skin on the face	years	`a`	digital
`face_skin_pigmentation_index`	Pigmentation index: Size and severity of localized skin darkening caused by excess melanin	%	`%`	digital
`face_skin_pores_health`	Pores health: Visible presence and density of pores	%	`%`	digital
`face_skin_redness`	Skin redness: Visible presence and intensity of skin redness or irritation spots	%	`%`	digital
`face_skin_uniformness`	Skin uniformness: Visible unevenness of skin texture, such as eruptions, age spots and freckles	%	`%`	digital
`face_skin_wrinkles_index`	Lines (wrinkles) index: Presence and severity of wrinkles caused by the loss of natural moisture and elasticity of the skin	%	`%`	digital

Fatty acids

Code	Measures	Value	UCUM	Checkups
`arachidonic_acid_20_4_w6`	Arachidonic acid (20:4, ω6): An omega-6 fatty acid used to make signaling molecules that drive inflammation and repair	%(rel. quant.)	`%`	lab
`dihomo_gamma_linolenic_acid_dgla_20_3_w6`	Dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA, 20:3, ω6): An omega-6 fat that can form anti-inflammatory series-1 prostaglandins	%(rel. quant.)	`%`	lab
`docosahexaenoic_acid_dha_22_6_w3`	Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6, ω3): A brain- and retina-rich omega-3 fat important for cognition and vision	%(rel. quant.)	`%`	lab
`eicosapentaenoic_acid_epa_20_5_w3`	Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5, ω3): A marine omega-3 fatty acid with anti-inflammatory and heart-protective effects	%(rel. quant.)	`%`	lab
`omega3_index_epa_plus_dha`	Omega-3 index (EPA + DHA): Relative percent of EPA and DHA, a marker of omega-3 status	%(rel. quant.)	`%`	lab
`omega6_to_omega3_ratio`	Omega-6 / omega-3 ratio: Balance between omega-6 and omega-3 fats, an indicator of inflammatory tone	%(rel. quant.)	none	lab
`palmitoleic_acid_16_1`	Palmitoleic acid (16:1): An omega-7 monounsaturated fat; higher levels may reflect liver fat production	%(rel. quant.)	`%`	lab
`peroxidation_index_pi`	Peroxidation index (PI): How susceptible the fatty-acid pool is to oxidative damage	%(rel. quant.)	`%`	lab
`sfa_to_mufa_ratio`	SFA/MUFA ratio: Membrane saturation: more SFA means stiffer membranes, more MUFA more fluid ones	%(rel. quant.)	none	lab
`total_sfas`	Total SFAs (saturated fatty acids): Combined share of saturated fats in blood lipids	%(rel. quant.)	`%`	lab
`trans_18_1`	Trans 18:1: Trans-monounsaturated fatty acids, often a dietary marker of industrial trans fats	%(rel. quant.)	`%`	lab
`trans_20_4`	Trans 20:4: Trans isomers of arachidonic-like fatty acids; generally undesirable	%(rel. quant.)	`%`	lab
`unsaturation_index_ui`	Unsaturation index (UI): Weighted count of double bonds across fatty acids; a higher UI means more fluid membranes	%(rel. quant.)	`%`	lab

Inflammation

Code	Measures	Value	UCUM	Checkups
`c_reactive_protein`	C-reactive protein (CRP): Protein made by the liver that rises with inflammation	mg/L	`mg/L`	lab

Mental

Code	Measures	Value	UCUM	Checkups
`anxiety_index_mental`	Psychological resilience index: Capacity to recover from psychological stress and adversity	category: low, medium, high	—	digital
`depression_index_mental`	Psychological wellbeing index: Emotional wellbeing, mood stability, and motivational drive	category: low, medium, high	—	digital
`mental_fitness_score`	Mental fitness score: Cognitive performance, sustained attention, and mental endurance	number, no unit	none	digital
`speech_pause_duration`	Pause duration: Average duration of pauses between speech sounds	sec	`s`	digital
`speech_rate`	Speech rate: Number of words spoken per minute	words/min	`{words}/min`	digital
`voice_clarity`	Voice clarity: Range of sounds made while speaking by changing the shape of tongue, mouth and throat	kHz²	`kHz2`	digital
`voice_control`	Voice control: Regularity of voice pitch amplitude	%	`%`	digital
`voice_crispness`	Voice crispness: Average time of single speech sounds measured from beginning to end of vocal cord vibration	ms	`ms`	digital
`voice_energy_range`	Voice energy range: Range of vocal intensity used while speaking	dB	`dB`	digital
`voice_liveliness`	Voice liveliness: Range of vocal pitch used while speaking	octaves	none	digital
`voice_smoothness`	Voice smoothness: Regularity of voice pitch periods	%	`%`	digital

Metabolic

Code	Measures	Value	UCUM	Checkups
`blood_glucose`	Blood glucose: Sugar level in the blood at the time of the test	mmol/L	`mmol/L`	lab
`diabetes_risk`	Metabolic index: Proxy for metabolic wellness, and an index for patterns associated with diabetes	category: low, medium, high	—	digital
`hba1c`	Average glucose index: Proxy for average blood sugar in the last 3 months	%	`%`	digital, lab
`high_fasting_glucose_risk`	High fasting glucose index: Proxy for the body's glucose balance	category: low, high	—	digital

Oxidative stress

Code	Measures	Value	UCUM	Checkups
`plasma_antioxidant_capacity`	Plasma antioxidant capacity: Overall antioxidant capacity of plasma, the body's ability to neutralize free radicals	μmol/L	`umol/L`	lab
`reactive_oxygen_metabolites`	Reactive oxygen metabolites: Circulating oxidants, an estimate of oxidative stress load	U-CARR	none	lab

Respiratory

Code	Measures	Value	UCUM	Checkups
`breathing_rate`	Breathing rate: Number of breaths taken per minute	bpm	`/min`	digital, wearable
`oxygen_saturation`	Oxygen saturation index: % of hemoglobin in the blood carrying oxygen	%	`%`	digital, wearable
`prq`	Pulse respiratory quotient (PRQ): Captures the states of cardiorespiratory integrative activity	number, no unit	none	digital
`respiratory_fitness`	Respiratory fitness: Proxy for respiratory wellness	number, no unit	none	digital
`respiratory_symptoms_score`	Respiratory symptoms score: Signs of respiratory symptoms in the voice	number, no unit	none	digital
`vo2_max`	VO₂ max: How efficiently the body uses oxygen during hard effort	mL/kg/min	`mL/kg/min`	wearable

Sleep

Code	Measures	Value	UCUM	Checkups
`sleep_average_hrv`	Sleep HRV: Heart-rate variability reported during the main sleep session	ms	`ms`	wearable
`sleep_breathing_rate`	Sleep breathing rate: Breathing rate reported during the main sleep session	bpm	`/min`	wearable
`sleep_efficiency`	Sleep efficiency: Share of time in bed spent asleep during the main sleep session	ratio	`1`	wearable
`sleep_latency`	Sleep latency: Time from going to bed until sleep begins	min	`min`	wearable
`sleep_resting_heart_rate`	Sleep resting heart rate: Resting heart rate during the main sleep session	bpm	`/min`	wearable
`sleep_score`	Sleep score: Sleep quality for the main sleep session	number, no unit	none	wearable
`sleep_total_sleep_time`	Total sleep time: Total sleep time reported for the main sleep session	hours	`h`	wearable

Vitamins

Code	Measures	Value	UCUM	Checkups
`cobalamin`	Vitamin B12: Needed for red blood cells, nerves and DNA synthesis	pmol/L	`pmol/L`	lab
`vitamin_d`	Vitamin D (25-OH): Supports bone, muscle and immune health	nmol/L	`nmol/L`	lab